vindicative

英 ['vɪndɪ,kətɪv]

adj. 辩护的；辩明的；惩罚的

英文词源

vindicative (adj.)

mid-15c., "vindictive, having vengeful intent," from Old French vindicatif (14c.) or directly from Medieval Latin vindicativus, from vindicat-, past participle stem of vindicare (see vindicate). From c. 1600 as "involving retribution or punishment," a sense "common in 17th cent." [OED].

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